基于AHP的四川秦巴山区人居环境的评价体系构建及应用研究

四川秦巴山区是我国连片贫困地区之一,在国家扶贫攻坚政策背景下,对四川秦巴山区人居环境进行评价具有重要意义。在归纳国内城市人居环境评价指标体系的基础上,提出建立四川秦巴山区人居环境评价的原则、指标以及评价方法。运用AHP层次分析法,从居住建设、生态环境和社会经济三大方面提出了26个单项指标,在区县层面对人居环境的建设水平和满意度两方面进行了对比评价,得出四川秦巴山区人居环境整体处于中等偏下水平,其中居住建设和社会经济因素得分较低,生态环境因素得分较高。评价结论可以为四川秦巴山区后续人居环境建设提供科学依据,为贫困地区人居环境评价提供参考。     

Non-farm entrepreneurship in rural sub-Saharan Africa: New empirical evidence

We report on the prevalence and patterns of non-farm enterprises in six sub-Saharan African countries, and study their performance in terms of labor productivity, survival and exit, using the World Bank’s Living Standards Measurement Study - Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA). Rural households operate enterprises due to both push and pull factors and tend to do so predominantly in easy-to-enter activities, such as sales and trade, rather than in activities that require higher starting costs, such as transport services, or educational investment, such as professional services. Labor productivity differs widely: rural and female-headed enterprises, those located further away from population centers, and businesses that operate intermittently have lower levels of labor productivity compared to urban and male-owned enterprises, or enterprises that operate throughout the year. Finally, rural enterprises exit the market primarily due to a lack of profitability or finance, and due to idiosyncratic shocks.     

Transformations of the Romanian agricultural paradigm under domestic economic policy reforms: An analysis during 1960–2011

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the transformations of the Romanian agricultural paradigm under the domestic economic policy reforms. An econometric approach is adopted by analyzing the evolution of Romanian agriculture between 1960 and 2011 from the perspective of its implications on residential land economy. This methodological choice relies on its high degree of applicability and its ability to reveal the massive transformation of the Romanian agricultural paradigm during the period under focus. Two regression models have been developed in the attempt to analyze the evolution of total value added and labor productivity in agriculture. The results obtained during the research confirm that Romanian agriculture exhibits determinant and significant elements able to trigger a massive change of paradigm.     

A multicriteria model for the assessment of rural development plans in Greece

In the last decades rural communities face the problems of ageing of population, high share of elder farmers and imbalanced distribution of farmers across age classes. The Rural Development Plans (RDPs) of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in European Union (EU) are the policy instruments that affect agriculture and the people living in rural areas. The RDP measure “Setting up Young Farmers” aims to fight the demographic problems of these areas. This study is an attempt to highlight the role and the impacts of RDPs and especially of the “Setting up Young Farmers” measure in the prefecture of Thessaloniki in Greece. To this end, a multicriteria mathematical programming model was implemented. This methodology was chosen using the Knowledge Brokerage Approach in the context of the LIAISE project, which proposes a set of support modules that are linked to the impact assessment process with a final goal to support future policies and design. The results showed that the “Setting up young farmers” measure achieved its goals to transfer land to young, trained farmers, to offset the set-up costs faced by young people when establishing themselves in farming.     

Broadband speed and unemployment rates: Data and measurement issues

We examine the effects of broadband speed on county unemployment rates in the U.S. state of Tennessee. We merge the older National Broadband Map dataset and the newer FCC dataset in lengthening our broadband access data over the period 2011–2015. Extending the dataset improves the precision of the estimates. Our panel regressions control for potential selection bias and reverse causality and show that broadband speed matters: unemployment rates are about 0.26 percentage points lower in counties with high speeds compared to counties with low speeds. Ultra-high speed broadband also appears to reduce unemployment rates; however, we are unable to distinguish between the effects of high and ultra-high speed broadband. We document beneficial effects of the early adoption of high speed broadband on unemployment rates. Better quality broadband appears to have a disproportionately greater effect in rural areas.     

Arc routing problems to restore connectivity of a road network

After a disaster, restoring accessibility in the affected area is critical for response operations. We study two arc routing problems for clearing blocked roads. The first problem minimizes the time to reconnect the road network, while the second maximizes the total benefit gained by reconnecting network components within a time limit. For each problem, we develop a mixed integer programming formulation and two versions of a heuristic algorithm. We conduct computational experiments on Istanbul data and instances adapted from the literature. The heuristics achieve near-optimal or optimal solutions quickly in most of the tested instances.     

Bundling attractions for rural tourism development

Tourism is often regarded as a viable solution to economic crisis, especially for remote areas without many development options. While many tourism destinations have strong cultural or heritage assets, not all destinations have primary attractions that can bring visitors to the region. Rather than developing special interest “themes”, rural areas that do not have enough of any one type of tourism resource to act as a primary draw may consider bundling different attraction types to increase visitation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the preferences of visitors to secondary heritage sites and explore the relationship between heritage tourism and alternative, non-heritage activities in rural areas. Findings revealed that motivation to visit small-scale heritage sites consisted of two dimensions: learning and recreation. The two motivational dimensions influenced visitors’ interest in different heritage attractions and likelihood of visiting heritage tourism “scenarios”. As for alternative activities, there was a cluster of “popular” activities that were enjoyed by both learning-oriented and recreation-oriented respondents, but recreation-oriented visitors were more interested in nature-based activities and sport-related activities than learning-oriented visitors. Findings can help rural communities improve secondary attractions and diversify their tourism product by bundling heritage attractions with non-heritage activities.     

城乡交界带农村居民点用地演变规律研究——以济南市历城区为例

济南市历城区位于城乡、山地平原交界带,农村居民点用地影响因素多,特殊性强.以历城区土地利用现状图(1996年)、历城区第二次土地利用现状调查图(2008年)为依据,应用MAPGIS软件对1996-2008年农村居民点用地的扩展演变进行了定量分析.结果表明:研究期内,历城区农村居民点用地总面积呈增加趋势,全区共增加了34...     

基于用地效率分析的城市区域空间结构极化模型及空间发展战略

不同规模的城市其用地效率具有一定的差异性.本文通过对中国660余个不同规模城市的用地效率分析,在总结和分析了传统城市区域空间结构基本理论和模型的基础上,提出基于城市用地效率分析的城市区域空间结构极化模型.通过理论与实证分析表明,城市发展的方向一极是大型化,发展成为特大城市或超大城市(人口100万-400万);另一极是小...     

农村社区化进程中的"被城市化"现象及对策分析

"被城市化"是农村社区化进程中的"异化"现象,是地方政府传统发展观和经济发展模式惯性以及政绩思维习惯的结果,不仅损害了农民的利益,也衍生了一系列社会问题.农村社区化建设应该坚持以科学发展现为指导,掌握好节凑,立足于地方经济社会条件,在充分尊重农民意愿的基础上,加强政府引导,因地削宜、量力而行.